Rezumat/Abstract. The main objective for deep excavations is to ensure the overall stability of the retaining system and to limit the displacements of the neighbouring buildings and utilities. This can be achieved by designing a proper support system. The paper resumes the main issues arising in the design process of the retaining works and it describes several methods for estimating the apparent earth pressure diagrams which were proposed by different authors during the 20th century, for the semi-empirical design of retaining structure.

Cuvinte cheie/Key words: apparent earth pressure, retaining structures

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